Laundry — Process Challenge

Detergent Builders & Chelants for Hard Water

In hard water, Ca2+/Mg2+ deactivate anionic surfactant (lime-soap precipitation) and consume detergency; the design calls for builder + chelant selection to soften water and sustain alkalinity
Updated Jun 2026
Solution Approach

RawSource supplies the base chemicals that go into these programs. We can help with product selection, grade matching, and sourcing from multiple origins for supply security.

Typical Formulation Workflow
1
Application & Soil Assessment
Define the cleaning task, surfaces, soils, and water hardness, plus the safety and regulatory profile for the use environment.
2
Surfactant & Builder Selection
Match surfactants, builders, solvents, chelants, acids or alkalis, and preservatives to the soil, surface compatibility, and label claims.
3
Formulation & Use-Dilution Trial
Optimize the actives ratio and use dilution, checking foam, clarity, stability, and performance at the in-use concentration.
4
Performance & Stability Validation
Confirm cleaning efficacy, storage and freeze-thaw stability, and packaging compatibility before scale-up.
Recommended Chemistries (6)
Tetrasodium EDTA (EDTA Na4)
CAS 64-02-8
Amines & Amides
Broad-spectrum chelant binding Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu across wide pH range
Broad-spectrum aminopolycarboxylate that sequesters Ca2+/Mg2+/Fe so they cannot precipitate surfactant as lime soap, restoring detergency in hard water
Melting Point: 300 °C (decomposes)   Density: 6.9 lb/gal /Apparent density/   Solubility: Slightly soluble in ethanol
Quick view
Full Details
Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP)
CAS 7758-29-4
Acids & Salts
Chelation / Sequestration
Classic detergent builder: sequesters hardness ions and provides buffering/anti-redeposition, the historical workhorse for hard-water laundry powders
Melting Point: 622 °C   Density: 2.52 g/cm3   Solubility: Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol
Quick view
Full Details
Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)
CAS 497-19-8
Acids & Salts
Water softener and alkaline builder for powder and liquid laundry
Precipitates hardness as carbonate and supplies wash-liquor alkalinity, sparing the surfactant and raising soil saponification
Melting Point: 856 °C   Boiling Point: Decomposes on heating by CO2 loss   Density: 2.54 g/cu cm
Quick view
Full Details
Citric Acid (Anhydrous, FCC Food Grade)
CAS 77-92-9
Acids & Salts
Biodegradable acid descaler and chelating agent
Biodegradable chelant that binds Ca2+/Mg2+; preferred where phosphate/EDTA are restricted
Melting Point: 153 °C (anhydrous)   Boiling Point: Decomposes   Density: 1.54 at 20 °C
Quick view
Full Details
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate
CAS 68439-57-6
Surfactants
Mild anionic with better hard water tolerance than LAS
Alpha-olefin sulfonate tolerates hardness better than LAS, holding foam and cleaning where LAS would precipitate
Quick view
Full Details
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP)
CAS 10124-56-8
Specialty Additives
Chelation / Sequestration
Threshold sequestrant/builder that ties up Ca2+/Mg2+ below stoichiometric dose and disperses hardness crystallites, a hard-water builder laundry formulators expect alongside STPP
Physical Description: Polymeric sodium metaphosphates: Clear hygrosco…   Solubility: CLEAR, HYGROSCOPIC GLASS; MP 628 °C; SOL IN WAT…   Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fum…
Quick view
Full Details

Need help selecting the right chemistry?

Our team can help with grade selection, dosage guidance, and multi-origin sourcing.

Request Quote All Home & Industrial Care Problems
Request Quote