Coatings & Construction / Solution Family

Rheology Modifiers & Thickeners

Thixotropes and thickeners that control sag, leveling, and settling in coatings u2014 fumed silica, surface-treated silica, amorphous silica, organoclays, and hectorite.

Overview

Rheology modifiers control how a coating flows: they hold viscosity high at restnso paint resists sag and pigment settling, then let it thin under the shear of brushing ornspraying. Fumed silica (CAS 112945-52-5) is the workhorse thixotrope fornsolventborne systems, building a shear-reversible particle network at low loadings, often anfew percent. Choose a rheology modifier by the problem you need to fix first. Sag, leveling,nand anti-settling rarely respond to the same additive, so define the target before selectingna chemistry.

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Fumed silica earns its place, but the trade-off is dispersion. It delivers strongnthixotropy and anti-sag at low loading, yet it over-thickens easily and, if under-dispersed,ncan seed the film with visible specks. Hydrophobic modified fumed silica (CAS 68909-20-6) isnthe surface-treated grade for non-polar and moisture-sensitive systems. Start low, dispersenunder high shear, and adjust the loading upward rather than trying to rescue an over-thickenednbatch after the fact.

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Amorphous silica (CAS 7631-86-9) does double duty as a matting agent and mild rheologynmodifier where a flat finish is wanted. Organoclays such as quaternary-ammonium bentoniten(CAS 68953-58-2) and hectorite (CAS 12173-47-6) are clay-based thixotropes for solventbornenand high-build coatings. HEUR and HASE associative thickeners cover most waterborne systemsnbut are proprietary polymer blends without a single CAS, sourced to spec. Match the thickenernchemistry to the carrier: clay and fumed silica for solventborne, associative polymers fornwaterborne.

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Where it's used
  • Anti-sag and anti-settling control in solventborne and high-build coatings
  • Thixotropy for spray, dip, and roller-applied industrial finishes
  • Matte and low-gloss finishes via fine amorphous silica
  • Anti-settling in pigmented primers and protective coatings
  • Viscosity and flow control in adhesives, sealants, and inks
Frequently asked questions
What rheology modifiers does RawSource supply for coatings?
RawSource sources fumed silica and hydrophobic modified fumed silica as thixotropic thickeners, amorphous silica as a matting agent and rheology modifier, and organoclays (quaternary-ammonium bentonite and hectorite) as clay-based thixotropes. HEUR and HASE associative thickeners for waterborne systems are sourced to specification. Each is quoted in bulk with CAS where one applies.
How does fumed silica control sag and settling?
Fumed silica builds a shear-reversible network through hydrogen bonding between particles, raising low-shear viscosity so a coating resists sag on vertical surfaces and keeps pigment from settling at rest. Under the shear of brushing or spraying the network breaks down and viscosity drops, then it rebuilds. The effect appears at low loadings, typically a few percent.
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic fumed silica?
Hydrophilic (untreated) fumed silica thickens polar and waterborne systems, while hydrophobic (surface-treated) fumed silica such as CAS 68909-20-6 is made for non-polar and moisture-sensitive systems where untreated silica would underperform or pick up water. The right choice depends on the carrier and the system's moisture sensitivity.
Which thickener suits waterborne versus solventborne coatings?
Solventborne and high-build coatings typically use fumed silica or organoclays such as bentonite and hectorite for thixotropy and anti-sag. Waterborne coatings more often use HEUR and HASE associative thickeners, which are proprietary polymer blends without a single CAS. Matching the thickener chemistry to the carrier is the first design choice.
Disclaimer. Information on this page is provided for general reference and compiled from authoritative public sources (e.g. PubChem/ECHA). Values are typical and are not a guaranteed specification; the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for the lot you purchase governs. Products are sold for industrial and professional use only. Nothing here is a medical, health, or efficacy claim. Always consult the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before handling, and confirm regulatory status, classification, and suitability for your application and jurisdiction.
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