Textiles / Solution Family

Flame Retardant Systems

Mineral, intumescent, and synergist flame retardants u2014 aluminum hydroxide (ATH), ammonium polyphosphate, boric acid, and antimony trioxide u2014 for textile back-coatings and cellulosic treatments.

Overview

Textile flame retardants are additives that slow ignition and flame spread onnfabric, and they work by three different mechanisms. Mineral hydroxides such asnaluminum hydroxide (ATH) decompose and release water that cools and dilutes flammablengases; intumescent phosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) form an expanded charnthat shields the fiber; and antimony trioxide acts only as a synergist that boostsnhalogenated systems. Match the chemistry to the fiber and to the test standard you must meet.

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APP is the workhorse intumescent for cotton and cellulosics. On heating it builds ancarbon char that blocks oxygen and heat, and phosphorus-nitrogen systems can be madenreasonably wash-durable. ATH releases water at roughly 180-200°C, but it needs highnloading to be effective, and that loading can stiffen the fabric. The trade-off is real:nspecify APP-based chemistry where durable cellulosic FR and acceptable hand feel bothnmatter, and reserve high-loading ATH for back-coatings where added stiffness is tolerable.

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Antimony trioxide contributes no flame retardancy on its own; it functions only with anhalogenated flame retardant, typically in a back-coating. That pairing carries regulatorynweight: antimony trioxide is classified as a suspected carcinogen (Carc. 2) under EU CLPnand is identified as a substance of very high concern, and boric acid (used on cellulosics)nis on the ECHA SVHC Candidate List as a reproductive toxicant. Confirm regulatory statusnfor your application and jurisdiction. Where antimony or halogen chemistry is ruled out,nspecify phosphorus-nitrogen (APP) or mineral (ATH) systems instead.

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Where it's used
  • Intumescent flame-retardant finishing of cotton and cellulosic textiles (ammonium polyphosphate)
  • Mineral-hydroxide flame retardancy in textile back-coatings (aluminum hydroxide / ATH)
  • Antimony-trioxide synergist for halogenated FR back-coating systems
  • Boric acid treatment of cellulosic substrates (limited, often borate-combined applications)
  • FR systems specified against NFPA, EN, and CPSC textile flammability standards
Frequently asked questions
What flame retardants are used on textiles?
Textile flame retardants fall into three classes by mechanism: mineral hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide (ATH) that release water and cool, intumescent phosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) that char and shield cellulose, and antimony trioxide, which works only as a synergist for halogenated systems. The right choice depends on the fiber and the flammability standard the fabric must pass.
Does antimony trioxide work as a flame retardant on its own?
No. Antimony trioxide has no flame-retardant activity by itself; it functions only as a synergist that boosts a halogenated flame retardant, typically in a back-coating. It is also a regulated substance, classified as a suspected carcinogen (Carc. 2) under EU CLP, so its use should be confirmed against the regulations in your jurisdiction.
Does RawSource supply textile flame retardants in bulk?
Yes. RawSource sources ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide (ATH), boric acid, and antimony trioxide in drums, totes, and bulk quantities with verified CAS numbers and SDS/TDS documentation. Submit your fiber type, target standard, and application route for an RFQ; several of these substances are regulated, so confirm status for your jurisdiction.
Are textile flame retardants regulated?
Some are. Antimony trioxide is classified as a suspected carcinogen (Carc. 2) under EU CLP and is identified as a substance of very high concern; boric acid is on the ECHA SVHC Candidate List as a reproductive toxicant (Repr. 1B). Ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide are not so listed. Confirm the current regulatory status for your application and jurisdiction before specifying.
Disclaimer. Information on this page is provided for general reference and compiled from authoritative public sources (e.g. PubChem/ECHA). Values are typical and are not a guaranteed specification; the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for the lot you purchase governs. Products are sold for industrial and professional use only. Nothing here is a medical, health, or efficacy claim. Always consult the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before handling, and confirm regulatory status, classification, and suitability for your application and jurisdiction.
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