難燃剤システム

繊維用難燃剤は、生地の着火と燃え広がりを遅らせる添加剤であり、3つの異なる機構で作用します。 aluminum hydroxide（ATH）のような無機水酸化物は分解して水を放出し可燃性ガスを冷却・希釈し、ammonium polyphosphate（APP）のような膨張型リン系は膨張した炭化層を形成して繊維を保護し、antimony trioxideはハロゲン系の効果を高める難燃助剤としてのみ働きます。化学種は、対象繊維と適合すべき試験規格に合わせて選定してください。

APP is the workhorse intumescent for cotton and cellulosics. On heating it builds a carbon char that blocks oxygen and heat, and phosphorus-nitrogen systems can be made reasonably wash-durable. ATH releases water at roughly 180-200°C, but it needs high loading to be effective, and that loading can stiffen the fabric. The trade-off is real: specify APP-based chemistry where durable cellulosic FR and acceptable hand feel both matter, and reserve high-loading ATH for back-coatings where added stiffness is tolerable.

Antimony trioxide contributes no flame retardancy on its own; it functions only with a halogenated flame retardant, typically in a back-coating. That pairing carries regulatory weight: antimony trioxide is classified as a suspected carcinogen (Carc. 2) under EU CLP and is identified as a substance of very high concern, and boric acid (used on cellulosics) is on the ECHA SVHC Candidate List as a reproductive toxicant. Confirm regulatory status for your application and jurisdiction. Where antimony or halogen chemistry is ruled out, specify phosphorus-nitrogen (APP) or mineral (ATH) systems instead.

• 綿およびセルロース系繊維の膨張型難燃加工（ammonium polyphosphate）
• テキスタイルのバックコーティングにおける無機水酸化物による難燃化（aluminum hydroxide／ATH）
• ハロゲン系難燃バックコーティング向けの三酸化アンチモン相乗剤
• Boric acid treatment of cellulosic substrates (limited, often borate-combined applications)
• NFPA、EN、CPSCの繊維燃焼性規格に対して指定される難燃（FR）システム

• Ammonium polyphosphate u2014 PubChem
• Aluminum hydroxide u2014 PubChem
• Boric acid u2014 PubChem
• Antimony trioxide u2014 PubChem
• ECHA候補物質リスト（SVHC） — 物質のステータス